辛基酚对家蚕（Bombyx mori L.）生长发育的影响

为探讨辛基酚对鳞翅目模式昆虫家蚕生长发育的影响,使用添加0.01～0.08 g·kg~(-1)辛基酚(4-tert-octylphenol,4-t-OP)的人工饲料饲养家蚕(Bombyx mori L.),研究了4-t-OP对家蚕幼虫和蛹的生长发育速度、生长量、发育整齐度和生命力等影响。结果表明:连续取食0.01 g·kg~(-1)以上浓度4-t-OP的饲料,家蚕幼虫和蛹的生长发育速度(幼虫期和蛹期发育经过时间)、生长量(幼虫期体质量和蛹期茧层量)、生命力(3龄起蚕绝食生命时数、4龄起蚕结茧率、蚕茧的死笼率和羽化率)等都明显下降,抑制眠蚕体质量。4-t-OP对家蚕幼虫生长发育后期、化蛹及羽化等发育变态期的影响更加明显,其在家蚕体内可能有累积效应。添食0.08 g·kg~(-1)4-t-OP的家蚕不能完成生活史。研究表明,4-t-OP对家蚕生长发育毒性影响有显著的浓度效应和时间效应。     

环状RNA及其在生殖发育中的研究进展

环状RNA（circular RNA，circ-RNA）是一类由初始转录RNA反向剪接，形成的闭合环状RNA分子，广泛存在于真核细胞中。因不受RNA外切酶切割，所以稳定存在时间长。主要通过海绵吸附作用竞争性结合miRNA调节基因表达。circ-RNA分子鉴定及其生理调控作用成为近几年生命科学领域的研究热点，本文从circ-RNA的生成过程、在早期胚胎发育调控以及配子发育过程中的数量和作用等方面进行了综述。     

基于低影响开发的校园雨水控制及效益分析

以安徽理工大学为研究对象,应用4种低影响开发(LID)方案(植草沟、下沉式绿地、雨水罐和植草沟-下沉式绿地-雨水罐组合)构建雨洪管理模型(SWMM),模拟不同雨水重现期下各种LID方案的水文和水质性能,并评价了经济效益.结果表明:植草沟的径流削减效率最好,可延迟流量峰现时间,且能有效地削减污染负荷;除雨水罐外,另外3种LID实践方案具有良好的环境效益;从成本效益上分析,下沉式绿地和组合LID实践方案的污染物控制效果较好,但其单位削减率成本高,植草沟对污染物控制效果不理想,但其具有最低的单位削减率;若想取得较好的污染物控制效果,则需要投入更大的成本,可以采用下沉式绿地或组合LID实践方案,下沉式绿地或组合LID实践方案不仅能有效削减峰值流量,缓解城市排水管网负荷,且对污染物的削减效果较好.可为中国校园中LID实践的应用决策提供理论支持.     

八种除草剂对多异瓢虫不同虫态的安全性评价

在新疆棉区，早春季节田埂杂草上滋养的天敌昆虫，是棉田内天敌的主要来源，也是棉田外天敌保育的重点。生产上，常喷施除草剂来防除田埂上的恶性杂草，从而除草剂可能会对非靶标天敌昆虫产生直接的不利影响。本文评价了新疆农田中常用的8种除草剂对多异瓢虫不同虫态存活的影响，发现8种除草剂喷施对多异瓢虫卵孵化率、蛹羽化率、成虫存活率均没有显著影响，精喹禾灵、苯磺隆、精噁唑禾草灵处理后3龄幼虫的存活率显著低于对照，而高效氟吡甲禾灵、精吡氟禾草灵、烯草酮、氯氟吡氧乙酸、乙氧氟草醚处理组的幼虫存活率与对照没有显著差异。利用高效氟吡甲禾灵、乙氧氟草醚药液处理多异瓢虫卵后，对卵、幼虫、蛹历期以及各虫态存活率、蛹重等均无明显影响，仅高效氟吡甲禾灵处理组幼虫化蛹率显著降低。利用高效氟吡甲禾灵、乙氧氟草醚处理3龄幼虫后，对其生长发育没有显著影响。本研究证实，新疆农田常用的8种除草剂对多异瓢虫比较安全，没有明显的毒杀作用与负面效应。     

杧果PEPC基因家族全基因组鉴定及表达分析

PEPC家族蛋白在植物光合碳同化过程中起到重要作用，同时具有多种非光合生物学功能，目前杧果中尚未报道。本研究对杧果MiPEPCs进行了全基因组鉴定，并分析了它们在不同组织（包括成熟叶片、成熟树皮、种子、根、花、果肉和果皮）和两个品种（高糖品种‘台农1号’和低糖品种‘热农1号’）中的表达情况。结果获得4个杧果MiPEPC基因家族成员，其理化特征较为相似，且所有MiPEPCs蛋白亚细胞定位预测均存在与细胞质中。基因组定位发现杧果MiPEPCs分布于4条不同的染色体。联合拟南芥，水稻，菠萝的PEPCs进行系统进化分析显示可分为2个亚组，MiPEPCs分布在第I（PTPC）和II亚族（BTPC）。杧果植物型MiPEPCs和细菌型MiPEPCs分离时间早于单子叶植物和双子叶植物的分离时间，两者蛋白序列差异大，但仍具有一定的保守性。顺式作用元件分析显示，MiPEPCs含有数量较多的光响应元件和激素响应元件。转录组表达分析结合qPCR实验验证发现，MiPEPCs在不同杧果组织中的表达具有偏好性，可能参与杧果的多个生物学过程（包含光合和非光合过程），并初步推测MiPEPC1、MiPEPC3可能与杧果果实成熟过程。本研究为进一步探究MiPEPC家族在杧果中的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

尤溪县野生芸香科植物资源与开发利用

报道了福建省尤溪县野生芸香科植物共有6属14种以及各种类的生活型、花果期、花色与果色、主要用途、生境与分布海拔,分析了该区野生芸香科植物的开发价值与发展对策,为该科植物资源的深入研究与应用提供参考。     

三馆融合背景下国外图博档联合开发文创产品及对中国的启示——以美国总统图书馆为例

[目的/意义]在三馆融合背景下,全面调查美国总统图书馆文创产品开发现状,以期为中国的图书馆、博物馆和档案馆联合开发文创产品提供借鉴。[方法/过程]通过文献调研和网络调研,总结了美国总统图书馆的文创产品开发概况,分析了其产品开发设计特征和营销方式。[结果/结论]提出了在三馆融合背景下美国总统图书馆文创产品开发对中国图书馆联合博物馆、档案馆开发文创产品的借鉴意义。     

Productive and biochemical responses of durum wheat to UV filtration

A UV exclusion experiment was conducted on durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf. var. Claudio) grown in pots. Plants were grown under three different radiative treatments in greenhouses covered with plastic filters: Teflon, transparent to the entire region of natural UV‐visible sunlight (TEF); polyester, transparent above 312 nm (MYL, excluding UVB) and Lee, transparent above 400 nm (LEE, excluding both UVA and UVB). Analyses have been carried out to determine the concentration of photosynthetic pigments in leaves, UV‐absorbing compounds, nitrogen and carbon in leaves, culms and spikes and proteins and gluten in grains. In particular, plants grown under UV exclusion showed a reduction in protein and dry gluten content (consequently without variation in the ratio dry gluten/protein), but at the same time, a significant increase of gluten index, which is a parameter to define the quality of gluten, was observed. The results highlighted the influence played by UV radiation on some biochemical parameters, mainly UV‐absorbing compounds, leaf nitrogen and grain protein characteristics of durum wheat cultivated under Mediterranean conditions. In particular, natural level of UV in the Mediterranean improves the characteristics of durum wheat flour important for pasta production (high dry gluten level), while the UV exclusion could improve characteristics of flour important for bread production (high gluten index).     

Year‐round natural spawning,early development,and the effects of temperature,salinity and prey density on captive ornate goby Istigobius ornatus (Rüppell, 1830) larval survival

Natural spawning, early development and larviculture of the ornate goby Istigobius ornatus in captivity were studied for the first time. I. ornatus spawned 46 times from 31 October 2013 to 31 October 2014. Fecundity ranged from 246 to 10,214 eggs per clutch, with an average hatching rate of 77.8% ± 9.9% (M ± SEM). Fertilized eggs (1.31–1.54 × 0.46–0.50 mm in diameter) were adhesive demersal and oval‐shaped. Embryonic development lasted 84 hr at 27.5 ± 0.5°C. Newly hatched larvae [2.12 ± 0.04 mm in total length (TL)] transformed to the juvenile stage completely when TL was 7.79 mm. Effects of different water temperatures (24, 28 and 32°C) and salinities (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 g/L) on per cent survivals (%) and survival activity indices (SAIs) were tested. Survival was not significantly different under different temperatures; SAIs was significantly higher at 28°C. Larvae showed the significantly higher survival and SAIs at salinities 10–30 g/L than at 35 and 40 g/L. Effect of different prey densities on survival was significantly higher in 7 days post hatch larvae fed 20 and 30 rotifers/ml. These findings could guide future programs in captive breeding technology development and commercial production of other marine ornamental gobies.     

Early development and allometric growth in hatchery‐reared Eurasian perch,Perca fluviatilis L.

The morphological development and allometric growth patterns of Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis L., a highly valued commercial species, were studied under intensive rearing conditions from hatching up to 50 DPH (Days Post Hatch). Based on the external morphology, four different phases during early development of Eurasian perch were identified: pre‐flexion larva 0–20 DPH (5.70–10.16 mm TL); flexion larva 22–30 DPH (11.09–15.14 mm TL) and post‐flexion larva/juvenile 32–50 DPH (18.00–24.75 mm TL). The results indicate that growth period when final replacement of all temporary (larval) structures and most important changes in the shape of P. fluviatilis occurred (between 13.95 and 24.06 mm TL, during flexion and post‐flexion phase) can be considered as a transitional period between the larva and juvenile. All body segments, except trunk length and tail length showed fast growth (positive allometry) throughout the entire studied period or up to the respective inflexion point with a common tendency to isometry. In addition, the specific behaviours (e.g. pelagic way of life) of Eurasian perch larvae resulted in some characteristic allometric growth patterns in the posterior region, different from the majority of other teleosts. The results are discussed with respect to the ontogeny of the functional morphology under both ecological and aquaculture considerations.